On-Grid vs Off-Grid vs Hybrid: Which System is Best?

Choosing the right type of solar system is the first technical decision you'll make. The three main types are On-Grid, Off-Grid, and Hybrid. Let's break down the differences.

1. On-Grid Solar System (Grid-Tied)

This is the most common and cost-effective system in India.

• How it works: Your system is connected to the government electricity grid.
• Pros: Cheapest to install (no batteries). Highest subsidies (PM Surya Ghar). You can sell excess power back to the grid (Net Metering).
• Cons: Does NOT work during a power cut (for safety reasons).
• Best For: Homes in cities with rare power cuts.

2. Off-Grid Solar System

This system is completely independent of the grid.

• How it works: It uses batteries to store energy for use at night or during cloudy days.
• Pros: Total energy independence. Works during power cuts.
• Cons: Expensive due to batteries. Batteries need replacement every 5-7 years. No subsidy on batteries usually.
• Best For: Remote farmhouses or areas with frequent long power cuts.

3. Hybrid Solar System

The best of both worlds.

• How it works: Connected to the grid BUT also has a small battery backup.
• Pros: Works during power cuts. Can export excess to grid. Reliability.
• Cons: Most expensive option. Complex installation.
• Best For: Homes that want 24/7 power security and savings.

Verdict

For 90% of Indian homeowners, an On-Grid System is the best choice because it offers the fastest ROI (2-3 years) and high subsidies. If you face frequent outages, consider a Hybrid system.